What Is a Well Pressure Tank?

By Rowan Guthrie

April 02, 2025

If you rely on a private well for your home’s water supply, you’ve likely heard of a well pressure tank. But what exactly is it, and why is it such a critical component of your well water system? This article explores the purpose of a well pressure tank, how it works and whether you need one for your home.

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What Is a Well Pressure Tank and What Does It Do?

A well pressure tank works in tandem with the well pump to ensure a steady and reliable supply of water to your home. The tank stores water under pressure, allowing it to be delivered to your faucets, showers and appliances at a consistent flow rate.

Here’s how it works: When you turn on a faucet, water is released from the pressure tank, not directly from the well. As the water level in the tank drops, the pressure inside the tank decreases. Once the pressure reaches a predetermined level (measured in pounds per square inch, or psi), the well pump kicks on to refill the tank and restore the pressure. When the tank reaches its maximum pressure setting, the pump shuts off.

This cycle prevents the well pump from running continuously, which would lead to wear and tear, higher energy costs and potential burnout. The pressure tank acts as a buffer, ensuring your pump operates efficiently and your home has consistent water pressure.

Do I Need a Well Pressure Tank?

If you have a private well, the answer is almost always yes. A well pressure tank is essential for maintaining proper water pressure and protecting your well pump. Without a pressure tank, your pump would have to turn on every time you used water, whether it was for a quick hand-wash or a long shower. This constant cycling would significantly reduce the lifespan of your pump and increase your energy bills.

A well pressure tank also provides a reserve of water, which is especially useful during periods of high demand. For example, if multiple people in your household are using water simultaneously, the tank ensures there’s enough water to meet the demand without causing a drop in pressure.

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Can You Install a Pressure Tank on an Existing Well Water System?

Yes, you can. In fact, if your current system doesn’t have a pressure tank or your existing tank is old or malfunctioning, adding or replacing one can significantly improve your system’s performance.

Here’s what the installation process typically involves:

Assess your current system. Determine the size and type of pressure tank that’s appropriate for your household’s water usage.
Turn off the power and water supply. Before making any changes, shut off the power to your well pump and close the main water valve to prevent accidents.
Remove the old tank. If you’re replacing an existing tank, disconnect it from the system and drain any remaining water.
Install the new tank. Position the new pressure tank near the well pump and connect it to the water line. Ensure all connections are secure and leak-free.
Adjust the air pressure. Most well pressure tanks have an air bladder or diaphragm that requires pre-charging with air. Use a tire pressure gauge to check the air pressure tank’s psi and adjust it to match your system’s requirements (usually 2 psi below the pump’s cut-in pressure).
Restore power and test the system. Once everything is set up, turn the power and water supply back on. Check for leaks and monitor the system to ensure it’s functioning correctly.

If you’re not comfortable performing the installation yourself, it’s best to hire a professional plumber or well technician. They can ensure the job is done safely and correctly.

Types of Well Pressure Tanks

There are several types of well pressure tanks available, each with its own advantages:

Diaphragm Tanks

These tanks feature a rubber diaphragm that separates the water and air inside the tank. They're easy to maintain and less prone to waterlogging.

Bladder Tanks

Similar to diaphragm tanks, bladder tanks use a balloon-like bladder to separate the water and air. They're also low-maintenance and provide consistent performance.

Conventional Tanks

These older-style tanks don't have a diaphragm or bladder, meaning the water and air are in direct contact. They require more frequent maintenance to prevent waterlogging and air loss.

When choosing a pressure tank, consider factors like your household’s water usage, the size of your well pump and your budget. A professional can help you select the right tank for your needs.

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