7 Well Maintenance Tips

By Rowan Guthrie

April 05, 2025

Maintaining your well is essential for ensuring a clean, reliable water supply for your home. Regular well maintenance can help protect your water quality and extend the life of your well pump, pressure tank and other system components.

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By following a few simple steps, you can help keep your well in top shape and avoid costly repairs down the line. Here are seven well maintenance tips to help you get started.

1. Schedule Annual Well Inspections

One of the most important steps in well maintenance is scheduling an annual inspection with a qualified water system professional. A thorough inspection can identify potential issues before they become major problems. During the inspection, the professional checks the well casing, cap and seals for damage, tests the water quality and assesses the performance of the well pump and pressure tank. This annual checkup helps ensure your well is functioning properly and your water is safe to use.

2. Test Your Water Quality Regularly

Testing your water quality is a critical part of well maintenance. Contaminants like bacteria, nitrates and heavy metals can seep into your water supply, posing health risks. It’s recommended you test your water at least once a year for bacteria and nitrates. If you notice changes in taste, odor or color, test your water immediately. You can purchase a home testing kit or hire a qualified water system professional to perform the tests. Regular testing helps you catch contamination early and take corrective action.

3. Keep the Well Cap and Casing in Good Condition

The well cap and casing are your first line of defense against contaminants entering your well. Inspect the well cap regularly to ensure it's securely fastened and free of cracks or damage. Make sure the cap is at least 6 inches above the ground to prevent flooding and debris from entering the well. Additionally, check the well casing for cracks or corrosion. If you notice any issues, contact a qualified professional to make repairs promptly.

4. Maintain the Well Pressure Tank

The pressure tank is a crucial component of your water well system, as it helps maintain consistent water pressure throughout your home. To keep it in good working order, check the air pressure in the tank every 6 months. The air pressure should be 2 psi below the cut-in pressure of your well pump (usually around 38 psi for a 40/60 pressure switch). If the pressure is too low, use a tire pump to add air. Also, listen for unusual noises like banging or clicking, which could indicate a problem with the tank or pump.

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5. Clean the Well and Surrounding Area

Keeping the area around your well clean and free of debris is an easy but important part of well maintenance. Remove leaves, grass clippings and other debris that could accumulate near the well. Avoid using fertilizers, pesticides or chemicals near the well, as they can seep into the groundwater. Additionally, ensure the well is located at least 50 feet away from septic systems, livestock and other potential sources of contamination.

6. Service the Well Pump as Needed

The well pump is the heart of your water well system, and regular maintenance is key to keeping it running smoothly. While some tasks, like checking the pressure tank, can be done by homeowners, more complex maintenance should be left to a qualified water system professional. Have the pump serviced every three to five years or as recommended by the manufacturer. During servicing, the professional will inspect the pump motor, check for leaks and ensure the pump is operating at peak efficiency. Contact a professional immediately if you notice a drop in water pressure or unusual noises.

7. Protect Your Well During Winter

Cold weather can take a toll on your well and water system. To prevent freezing, insulate exposed pipes and the well cap. If you live in an area with harsh winters, consider installing a well house or using a well cover to protect the system from snow and ice. Additionally, keep an eye on the pressure tank during winter months, as cold temperatures can affect its performance. If you're unsure how to winterize your well, consult a qualified professional for guidance.

By following these seven well maintenance tips, you can ensure your water well system remains in excellent condition for years to come. Regular inspections, water quality testing and proper care of the well cap, pressure tank and pump will help you avoid costly repairs and maintain a safe, reliable water supply for your home. When in doubt, always consult a qualified water system professional to keep your well running smoothly.

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