What's the Deal With Aluminum Wiring?

As a homeowner, you've no doubt wondered about the ins and outs of your home's electrical system. If you own an older home built during the 1960s and 1970s, you might even have heard whispers about aluminum wiring.

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What Is Aluminum Wiring?

Simply put, aluminum wiring refers to electrical wiring made from aluminum instead of the more commonly used copper. Think of it as the veins of your home, carrying the electricity that powers your lights, appliances and everything in between. In the world of electrical wiring, you'll generally encounter two types of aluminum wiring: solid aluminum wiring and strand aluminum wiring. Solid aluminum wiring is a single, solid strand of aluminum, while strand aluminum wiring consists of multiple thin strands twisted together.

Is Aluminum Wiring in a Home Safe?

This is the big question, isn't it? Aluminum wiring can be safe, but it requires special attention. During the 1960s and 1970s, aluminum wiring was used in many residential homes due to the rising cost of copper. However, it was soon discovered that aluminum wiring had some unique characteristics that could lead to potential fire hazard conditions if not properly addressed.

Here's why:

Expansion and Contraction

Aluminum expands and contracts more than copper with temperature changes. This can lead to loose electrical connections over time, which can create arcing and overheating.

Oxidation

Aluminum oxidizes when exposed to air, forming a non-conductive layer. This oxidation can increase resistance at the electrical connection, causing the connection to overheat.

Creep

Aluminum is more susceptible to "creep," which is a gradual deformation under constant pressure. This can also loosen connections.

Different Metals

When aluminum and copper wires are connected without the correct connector, galvanic corrosion can occur. This is an electrochemical process that can degrade the aluminum connection.

Compatibility

Connecting aluminum wires to hard-wired appliances or outlets meant for copper wire can present serious safety issues.

Warnings About Aluminum Wiring

These issues led the Consumer Product Safety Commission to issue warnings about aluminum wiring in residential homes. It's important to understand that a home with aluminum wiring isn't inherently dangerous, but it does require careful evaluation and, potentially, remediation.

How Can I Tell If I Have Aluminum Wiring in My House?

If you're wondering whether your house built in the 60's or 70's has aluminum wiring, here are a few ways to find out:

Check the Wiring

Look for markings on the visible portion of the wiring insulation near electrical outlets or in the electrical panel. If it says "aluminum" or "AL," you've found your answer.

Inspect the Electrical Panel

Your electrical panel is a great place to check. However, be extremely cautious and if you are not comfortable, do not open the panel. It is best to have a qualified electrician do this.

Look at the Outlet Covers

Sometimes, especially in older houses, the outlet covers themselves might be marked with "aluminum."

Review Home Inspection Reports

If you recently purchased your home, review the home inspection report. It should indicate the type of wiring present.

Contact a Qualified Electrician

The safest and most reliable way to determine your wiring type is to have a qualified electrician inspect your electrical system.

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When Was Aluminum Wiring Used in Homes?

Solid aluminum wiring was primarily used in houses built between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. During this time, the price of copper soared, making aluminum a seemingly cost-effective alternative for electrical wiring. The post-World War II economic boom increased housing construction and demand for copper, while supply constraints and inflation drove prices higher. Builders turned to aluminum to maintain affordability.

What Can Be Done?

If you discover you have aluminum wiring, don't panic! There are solutions.

Pigtailing with AlumiConn Connectors

One common method is "pigtailing," where short lengths of copper wire are connected to the aluminum wires at each outlet and switch using special connectors called AlumiConn connectors. These connectors are designed to prevent the issues associated with aluminum wiring.

Complete Rewiring

In some cases, a complete rewiring of the home with copper wire might be recommended, especially if the existing aluminum wiring is in poor condition.

Copper-Clad Aluminum

This type of wiring has a layer of copper over an aluminum core. This type of wiring is much safer than solid aluminum.

It's crucial to have any work on your electrical system performed by a qualified electrician who is experienced with aluminum wiring. They can assess the condition of your wiring and recommend the most appropriate solution.

Remember, knowledge is power. By understanding the characteristics of aluminum wiring, you can take the necessary steps to ensure the safety of your home. Stay informed, stay safe and don't hesitate to reach out to a professional when needed.